There's nothing as invigorating as a long, hot shower to wake us up in the morning.
没有什么比早上醒来洗个长长的热水澡更让人精神抖擞了。
But many of us are making simple mistakes that could actually harm our health, experts warn.
但是专家警告称，很多人都犯了简单的错误，事实上可能对健康有害。
From ditching a razor to only soaping certain parts of the body, experts reveal the ways you're showering all wrong - and what to do instead...
从丢弃剃刀到给身体某些部位简单地涂肥皂，专家揭示几种完全错误的洗澡方式——并告诉你应该怎么做。
1. SHOWERING EVERY DAY
1. 每天洗澡
Most of us wouldn't dream of going a day without showering.
大多数人都不会希望一天都不洗澡。
But a study conducted by the University of California found that too much washing can actually be bad for you, because it strips away beneficial bugs that help ward off infections.
但是加利福尼亚大学做的一项研究发现，事实上洗澡太频繁也许不利于你，因为会洗掉有益于避免感染的细菌。
'A vigorous daily shower would disturb the natural bug flora of the skin as well as skin oils,' revealed John Oxford, Professor of Virology at Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry.
“每日洗澡虽会让人精力充沛，但会扰乱皮肤的自然菌群和油脂分泌，”玛丽女王医学和牙科学院病毒学教授约翰•奥克斯福德说。
'As long as people wash their hands often enough and pay attention to the area of the body below the belt, showering or bathing every other day would do no harm.
“只要人们洗手足够频繁，关注腹部以下的身体部位，每两天淋浴或泡澡一次也没大碍。
'Even twice a week would not be a problem if people used a bidet daily as most infectious bugs hang around our lower halves.
如果每天使用坐浴盆，即使一周两次也不是问题，因为大多数感染细菌都附着在我们的下半身。
2. SHOWERING FOR TOO LONG
2. 洗澡时间太长
Dr Anjali Mahto, consultant dermatologist and British Skin Foundation spokesperson said people should also keep their showers short rather than languishing under the water.
皮肤病医生、英国皮肤基金会发言人安贾莉·马赫托博士说，人们的洗澡时间也应该短一些，而不是长时间在水流下耗费精力。
She told MailOnline: ‘You probably shouldn’t be showering for more than 20 minutes. Water is an irritant, so the longer you’re in there, the more irritated and dry your skin will become.
她对每日邮报网站说：“洗澡最好不要超过20分钟，水是刺激物，所以你洗澡时间越长，皮肤受到刺激越多，就越干燥。”
3. USING SOAP
3.使用肥皂
Washing with soap every day could affect our immunity, warns Dr Robyn Chutkan, of the Digestive Center for Women, Maryland.
马里兰州妇女消化中心的萝宾·库特坎博士警告称，每天用肥皂洗澡可能会影响我们的免疫力。
Dr Chukan said it strips our skin of the bacteria that keeps us free from conditions like acne and eczema.
库特坎博士说肥皂会剥离皮肤上的细菌，而这些细菌会抵御痤疮和湿疹的生长。
Regular contact with grime, rather than being harmful, teaches these communities of bacteria how to tell the difference between friendly germs and harmful pathogens, she said.
经常接触污垢不仅无害，还会教会这些细菌群如何辨别有益的细菌和有害的病菌，她说。
4. RUBBING SOAP ON THE WHOLE BODY
4.全身涂肥皂
Soap dislodges dirt and oil from the body, allowing water to wash it away.
肥皂去除身上的污垢和油脂，水就会把它冲走。
But the skin on the arms and legs doesn't contain a lot of oil, so cleaning them with soap just makes them dry.
但是胳膊和腿上的皮肤并没有很多油脂，所以用肥皂清洁只会使它们变干燥。
Instead, people should concentrate on soaping the odorous parts of the body - the armpits, buttocks, groin and feet, said Dr Mahto.
反之，人们应该集中涂肥皂于身体有异味的部位——腋窝、臀部、腹股沟和脚，马赫托博士说。
As the skin gets thinner and drier as we age, older people should use less soap to prevent flaky skin, she added.
随着年龄增长，皮肤会变得越来越薄、越来越干，老人应该少用肥皂，防止皮肤变薄，她补充道。
5. LETTING THE SHOWER BLAST ON YOUR FACE
5.任由水流冲脸
While many of us would assume that tilting our face upwards beneath refreshing running water is the key to getting squeaky clean skin, the heat and pressure of the water is in fact causing damage, skincare expert Kaye Scott told Daily Mail Australia.
皮肤护理专家凯耶·斯科特对《每日邮报》澳洲版说，尽管我们很多人都会认为，脸冲着水流向上仰会令人神清气爽，是洁净肌肤的关键，而事实上水流的热量和压力会造成损害。
'A hot shower can cause and exacerbate fragile capillary networks in the cheeks, leading to unattractive, visible capillary networks and worsened impaired skin conditions,' she said.
“热水浴可引起并加重脸颊上毛细血管网的脆弱，导致毛细血管网清晰可见，非常不美观，并会恶化损伤的皮肤状况，”她说。
'The best way to keep your skin looking its flawless best is to cleanse and rinse at the bathroom sink, always ensuring the tap water is tepid, no hotter,' Scott said.
“保持皮肤完美无瑕的最好方法就是在卫生间的水池里清洁冲洗，并保证水龙头里的水总是温的，不热，”斯科特说。
When you wash your face at the sink you're cupping the water, which means you're using less and you are also making it cooler on your skin.
你在水池洗脸时是捧着水的，说明你用水更少，水到了皮肤上就会更凉。
Plus, such a cleansing technique also gives you the option to turn on the cold tap and splash your face at the end of your routine, which can help to close your pores and stimulate circulation.
此外，这种清洁技巧也提供给你另外一种选择，你可以打开出冷水的水龙头，在例行程序的最后用冷水泼脸，这样有利于缩小毛孔，刺激循环。
6. USING A POUF
6.使用浴花
Poufs and loofahs are a haven for bacteria — the dead skin cells they scrub so well from our body get caught up in the nooks where bacteria can feed on them.
浴花和丝瓜络是细菌的天堂——它们从身上擦下来的死皮细胞隐藏在角落里，会滋生细菌。
'Also, because poufs take time to dry and may well retain dead skin cells, it’s a potential source of infection,’ said dermatologist Dr Sam Bunting.
“而且，因为浴花过段时间才能干，也许还留有死皮细胞，是感染的潜在来源，”皮肤病专家萨姆·邦廷说。
‘Over-exfoliating can damage the skin’s vital barrier function, making it more susceptible to invasion by bugs harboured in the loofah.’
“过度去角质会破坏皮肤重要的防御功能，更容易被丝瓜络里隐藏的细菌入侵。”
Plastic poufs should be replaced at least every two months.
塑料浴花应该至少两个月更换一次。
To keep it clean, wet your pouf and put it on a medium heat in the microwave for 30 to 60 seconds.
为了让它保持干净，沾湿浴花，把它放在微波炉里用中火加热30到60秒。
You can also try the washing machine or dishwasher. And keep the pouf in a dry place, by an open window, rather than in the shower.
你也可以试一下洗衣机或洗碗机。把浴花放在干燥的地方，放在打开的窗户旁，而不是放在浴室里。
7. SHAMPOOING WITH HOT WATER
7.用热水洗头发
Stylists say it's imperative to rinse your hair for twice the amount of time as lathering on product and never use hot water.
造型师说冲洗头发的时间应该是揉起泡的时间的两倍，并且永远不要用热水。
'Women often wash their hair with water which is too hot, thinking it will make hair cleaner,' said Mr Barton.
“女人们经常用非常热的水洗头发，觉得热水会把头发洗得更干净，”巴顿先生说。
Washing the hair in tepid water is better for the follicles with the added bonus of saving money on your bills.
用温水洗头发对毛囊更好，还有个好处就是省水电费。
'The hot water activates the sebaceous gland which secretes oil and can leave hair greasy soon after washing. Use warm, tepid water for ultra clean hair and to extend the life of your blow dry.'
“热水会激活分泌油脂的皮脂腺，洗完头发以后很快又会变油。为了使头发非常干净，应该用温热的水，并延长吹干头发的时间。”
8. SHOWERING IN HARD WATER
8.用硬水洗澡
Dr Laura Ishmail, an aesthetic doctor, said the water in the UK is 'hard' meaning it has high levels of calcium.
美容医师劳拉·伊斯梅尔博士说英国的水“硬”，也就是说水中的钙含量较高。
This can irritate the skin of people with conditions like eczema, she told MailOnline.
这会刺激患湿疹的人的皮肤，她对每日邮报网站说。
She said sufferers might want to think about installing water filters in their shower.
她说患者也许愿意考虑一下在浴室中安装净水器。
'Water filters might softer against the skin for eczema. But I would also advocate not having a shower as often,' she added.
“净水器也许会软化水质，减轻对湿疹皮肤的刺激。但是我也提倡不要频繁地洗澡，”她补充道。
9. WASHING YOUR FACE WITH A HARSH CLEANSER
9.使用清洁力强的洁面产品
Washing your face removes many bugs from the surface of our skin, particularly if you use cleansers containing alcohol as this kills bacteria.
洗脸会去除皮肤表面的许多细菌，若你使用含酒精的洁面产品就更加如此，因为酒精会杀死细菌。
Most cleansers also contain soap, and this reduces the amount of oil in our skin, which loosens the bacteria’s hold — so they fall off, explained Hugh Pennington, an emeritus professor of bacteriology at the University of Aberdeen.
阿伯丁大学细菌学荣誉教授休·彭宁顿解释说，大多数洁面产品也含有肥皂，肥皂会减少皮肤上的油脂，减小细菌的附着力——所以它们会掉下来。
This cleanliness is short-lived, as the layer of bugs rebuilds itself within about 20 minutes.
这种清洁力维持时间非常短，因为细菌层在20分钟之内就会再次形成。
The problem is that we have bacteria on our hands, and when we touch our faces, as we inevitably do, many of the bugs that have adapted to live on moist surfaces such as our face will quickly be transferred back.
问题是，我们手上有细菌，当我们触摸脸时（我们不可避免会这样做），很多已经适应生活在潮湿表面的细菌（比如说我们的脸）就会很快转移过来。
10. USING A RAZOR
10.使用剃刀
On a reusable razor, stubble and mould can collect in the space where the blade cartridge attaches to the handle. If that mould gets in contact with the skin it can cause irritation.
在可重复使用的剃刀上，须茬和霉物都会聚集在刀头和刀柄衔接的部位上。如果霉物接触到皮肤就会引起刺激性反应。
And a moist blade kept in the shower, harbouring old hair and dead skin, can lead to ingrown hairs and irritation when shaving because the blade becomes blunt.
并且放在浴室的潮湿刀片上藏匿着旧头发和死皮，使用剃刀的时候会导致毛发内生，引发刺激性反应，因为刀片变钝了。
To combat this,‘change a blade at the first sign that it starts to drag against the skin,’ said Dr Bunting.
为了防止此类现象，邦廷博士说“第一次出现开始划皮肤的迹象时就应该换刀片。”
Clean blades rubbing surgical spirit on a cotton pad, then towel dry. And always keep your razor on a dry surface.
用化妆棉沾医用酒精擦洗刀片，然后用毛巾擦干净。并且永远把剃刀放在干燥的表面。
Vocabulary:
invigorate: 鼓舞；使精力充沛
ditch: 掘沟；丢弃
ward off: 避开
languish: 憔悴；凋萎
irritant: 刺激的
scrub: 洗擦
nook: 角落，隐匿处
imperative: 必要的